高中英语必修一unit5笔记，人教版高中英语必修1Unit5解析二

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每一个爱孩子的外语老师

都置顶了外语教师联盟

教学背景

本单元话题——纳尔逊·罗利赫拉赫拉·曼德拉(Nelson Mandela—a modern hero)。

在任职总统前，曼德拉是积极的反种族隔离人士，同时也是非洲国民大会的武装组织民族之矛的领袖。当他领导反种族隔离运动时，南非法院以密谋推翻政府等罪名将他定罪。依据判决，曼德拉在牢中服刑了27年。1990年出狱后，转而支持调解与协商，并在推动多元族群民主的过渡期挺身领导南非。自种族隔离制度终结以来，曼德拉受到了来自各界的赞许，包括从前的反对者。曼德拉在40年来获得了超过一百项奖项，其中最显著的便是1993年的诺贝尔和平奖。2004年，其被选为最伟大的南非人。

疑难追踪

1.A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.（P33）

难句解读

所谓伟人就指用毕生来帮助别人的人。

该句是一个含有定语从句的复合句。先行词是someone, 关系代词who引导定语从句。devote 是及物动词，意为“奉献；致力于”。常用于devote oneself/sth. to sb./(doing) sth.结构中，意为“将……奉献给；把……专用于”。注意此处to为介词，其后接名词或动名词。

例如：

I began to devote more of my time to animal welfare work.

我开始拿出更多的时间从事动物福利工作。

Sun Yat-sen devoted all his life to the cause of the three principles.

孙中山先生把毕生都献给了三民主义事业。

The teacher devoted himself to the noble cause of education.

那位老师献身于崇高的教育事业。

He started to study ecology and decided to devote his whole life to the science.

他开始研究生态学，并决心将他的一生献身于这门科学。

He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.

他把一生都献给了造福人类的事业。

难点深究

devoted为形容词，意为“热爱的; 非常忠实的; 全心全意的”，也可与to连用。

例如：

He is my devoted friend.

他是我忠实的朋友。

She is devoted to her parents.

她深爱她的父母。

2.He founded the first Republic in China in 1911 after many years’ fighting.（P33）

难句解读

他经过数年的斗争之后于1911年成立了最初的中华民国。

found

是find的过去式和过去分词，也可表示“建立，创立，将……建立在”之意，是及物动词，且为规则动词，过去式和过去分词均为founded。

例如：

People believe that a cure for the disease will have been found by the year 2015.

据相信到2015年能研究出治愈该病的方法。

The business company I am working for was founded in 1980.

我为之工作的这家公司成立于1980年。

Theories that are founded on/upon facts could be tested by time.

建立在事实的基础上的理论能经受时间的检验。

fight作名词时意为“打架，战斗，斗志”，作及物或不及物动词时意为“对抗，打架；斗争，奋斗”，过去式和过去分词均为fought。常用搭配有：

fight to the finish一决雌雄，一决胜负；

fight back反击，回击；

fight sth. back/down克制，抑制（感情等）；

fight sb/sth. off 抵抗或击退某人/物；

fight one’s way奋斗前进；努力开辟；

fight with sb./sth.与某人/物搏斗；与某人并肩作战；

fight for/against为支持、取得/反对、克服、战胜……而战；

fight over sth.就……而搏斗。

例如：

Have you been fighting with /against your brother again?

你又跟弟弟打架了吧?

The old man has been fighting with his illness since twenty years ago.

这位老人从二十年前起就一直在与病魔作斗。

Britain fought with France against Germany in the last war.

在第二次世界大战中，英国与法国联合作战抗击德国。

Abraham Lincoln fought for the freedom of the slaves in the United States.

亚伯拉罕·林肯为美国奴隶的自由而战。

The twins sometimes even fight over a small piece of cake.

这对双胞胎有时甚至为一小块蛋糕打架。

I miss my dead grandmother so much that each time I see her photo I have to try hard to fight back my tears.

我太想念已过世的奶奶了，每次一看到她的照片我都得强忍住泪水。

难点深究

注意：

build,construct,found,erect,establish,set up这些动词均有“建设，建立，建造”之意，但侧重点不同。build是普通用词，含义广泛，可指一切具体或抽象的建造或建立；construct为较正式用词，强调根据一定计划进行的规模较大，结构较复杂，要求较高技术的建造；found侧重打下基础或创办，具体或抽象事物均可用；erect侧重指对高而垂直物的建造，使用不如build广泛；establish着重稳固地建成，可具体指国家、政府、学校或商店等的建立，也可指信仰、信用、名誉、法律、制度、规则等的建立；set up作“建立”用时，侧重于“开始”，可指具体或抽象的建立。

例如：

That house is built of bricks.

那座房子是砖造的。

A nuclear power plant will be constructed to improve the local electricity service.

将建造一座核电站来改善当地的电力供应状况。

The kind priest is the first man to found a school for the deaf and the dumb.

这位善良的牧师是第一个创办聋哑人学校的人。

The monument was erected in honour of the soldiers who died for the country.

这座纪念碑是纪念为国牺牲的士兵而建立的。

His second novel established his fame as a writer.

他的第二部小说确立了他的作家之名。

A fund will be set up for AIDS patients.

帮助艾滋病人的基金会即将建立起来。

3.He strongly believed in the three principles: nationalism; people’s rights; people’s livelihood.（P33）

难句解读

他坚信三民主义，即：民族，民权，民生。

该句中believe通常作及物动词，意为“相信；认为；信任”。也可作不及物动词，常和介词in搭配，意为“信任；信仰，信奉”，believe in sth./doing sth.还可表示“肯定某事物的价值或正确性”。

例如：

We believe Mr. Smith to be innocent.

我们认为史密斯先生是无辜的。

Nobody will believe what difficulty we have had.

谁也想像不到我们遇到了什么样的困难。

She goes to church only occasionally, but she believes.

她只是偶尔去教堂做礼拜，可是她笃信宗教。

Only if one believes in something can one act purposefully.

一个人只有有某些信仰，才会果断地行动。

I believe in God.

我信仰上帝.

He believes in getting plenty of exercise.

他相信多做运动必有好处。

We believe in the mighty power of the people’s war.

我们相信人民战争的巨大威力。

难点深究

注意believe 和believe in后都可以接人作宾语，可意义却不同。 believe sb. 意为“相信某人所说的话”，而believe in sb.意为“信任某人（的人格、品性等）”。

例如：

We believe him this time but we don’t believe in him.

这次我们相信他所说的，但我们并不信任他这个人。

与believe有关的一些习语有：

believe it or not（口）信不信由你；

believe me（口）我向你保证，真的；

would you believe (it)? (表示惊讶或沮丧) 尽管难以置信。

例如：

Believe it or not, we were left waiting in the rain for two hours.

信不信由你, 我们冒雨一直等了两个小时。

Please believe me, I really love you, time will tell everything.

请相信我，我是真的爱你，时间会证明一切。

Today, would you believe, she came to work in an evening dress!

说出来你可能不信, 今天她穿了晚礼服来上班!

4.It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice. He offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems. He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful.（P34）

难句解读

在1952年，曼德拉是我向其寻求帮助的一位黑人律师。他为那些穷苦黑人提供法律指导。他十分慷慨地花时间在我的问题上，为此我非常感激。

该句中to whom I went for advice是定语从句，修饰the black lawyer, 关系代词whom前用介词to，是因为从句里动词went的搭配需要，既：whom I went to for advice(= I went to Mandela for help)。而for which I was grateful中，关系代词which 前用介词for 是由于从句中形容词grateful的搭配需要，即：whom I was grateful for。句中go to sb. for advice, be generous with, be grateful for 是习惯搭配，意为“向某人咨询”，“在……上大方”，“因……而感激”。

例如：

You can go to your teachers for advice when in trouble.

当你遇到困难时就去找你老师寻求帮助。

One should be generous with his time in assisting others.

一个人应该尽量协助别人。

We shall be grateful for your

cooperation.

对您的合作我们将万分感谢。

难点深究

句中guidance是名词形式，意为“指导，引导；领导”，短语be under sb.’s guidance意为“在某人指导下”；其动词形式是guide ，意为“带领；引导；操纵”，同时该词也可作名词用，意为“指南；向导；入门书”。

例如：

We need guidance from the professionals in this field.

我们需要这个领域的专业人士的指导。

You must be guided by your sense of right and just.

你的行动必须受你是非心的指导。

We also provide tour guide service, including Buddhism tour, restaurant tour, shopping tour and suburb tour.

我们还提供导游服务，包括佛教旅游，餐饮旅游，购物旅游和近郊旅游。

5.I had to leave because my family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare.（P34）

难句解读

由于我家无法继续支付学费和公交费，我不得不辍学了。

fee

意为“费（会费、学费等）；酬金”。注意fee与fare, charge, cost, price, expense, bill几个词的区别：fee指给律师、医生等的费用或（考试）报名费，入会费等；fare多指旅行费用，交通费用；charge（可数或不可数）主要表示“费用；收费；索价；价格”，指某项物品或服务等的收费，free of charge意为“免费的”；cost意为“成本（常用复数）；费用；价格；代价”，指为购买某物或达到某一目的而必需的花费，包括时间或劳动等，at all costs /at any cost意为“不惜任何代价”；price指“价格，价钱；代价”，做“费用”解时指买某件东西所花的钱；expense常指实际支付的费用总数额，有时也指钱的花费；bill指“账单；清单；钞票”。

例如：

They charge a small registration fee.

他们收一点注册费。

Let me go shares with you in the taxi fare.

我和你分摊计程车费吧。

The charge for admission is US$5.

入场费五美元。

We must reduce the production cost.

我们必须降低生产成本。

He saved his daughter from the fire at the cost of his own life.

他牺牲了生命，把女儿从大火中救出来。

Writing a good book costs much time and patience.

写一本好书要用很多时间，还需极大耐心。

He sold the house at a good price.

他以很高的价钱卖了那所房子。

No price is too high for winning their support.

为了获得他们的支持，任何代价均在所不惜。

It’s too much of an expense for me to own a car.

对我来说，拥有一辆汽车的花费太大。

The store sent me a bill for $50.

那家商店寄给我一张五十美元的帐单。

6.The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.（P34）

难句解读

过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。

句中where we have almost no rights at all 是定语从句，修饰 a stage。see在本句中表示 “经历，有……经历” 的意思，（=undergo, have the experience of ），主语有时是物，此用法灵活，使语言形象生动，see还有“为（某事）发生之时；为（某事）的现场或背景”之意。

例如：

She was so sick that doctors didn’t think she’d live to see her first birthday.

她如此羸弱，医生认为她活不过周岁。

This dictionary has seen frequent use.

这本词典使用频繁。

This year has seen a big increase in road accidents.

今年交通事故大幅增加。

Last year saw the 30th wedding anniversary of my parents.

去年我父母结婚三十周年。

The city has seen plenty of violence over the years.

过去数年里这个城市发生大量暴力事件。

This stadium has seen many thrilling football matches.

在这个体育场里举行过很多精彩的足球赛.

7.…we were put into a position in which we had either to accepted we were less important, or fight the government.（P34）

难句解读

我们被置于这样一个境地：要么我们被迫接受底人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。

句中in which we had either to accepted we were less important, or fight the government是定语从句，修饰先行词a position。either…or…是个固定搭配，相当一个连词，可以连接两个词，也可以连接两个句子，意为“不是……就是……;要么……要么……”

例如：

Either come in or go out.

要么就进来，要么就出去。

He is either a doctor or a teacher.

他不是一个医生就是一个老师。

You can learn either singing or dancing.

你可以学唱歌也可以学跳舞。

You can come to my home either tomorrow morning or tomorrow afternoon.

你可以明天上午来我家，也可以明天下午来我家。

Either you come in person, or you entrust someone with the matter.

要么你自己来，要么就拜托人办理这件事。

8.We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful; when this was not allowed… only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.（P34）

难句解读

首先我们用和平的方式来破坏法律，而当这种方式也得不到允许时，……只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。

句中break在这里是动词，意为“不依从或不服从; 不遵守（法律﹑ 诺言等）”，相当于not follow or obey (sth.)或fail to observe (a law, promise, etc)。句中which was peaceful是定语从句，修饰先行词way。连词which在定语从句中作主语，不可省略。当way作先行词且在从句中作状语时，定语从句可由in which或that引导, 也都可以省略。answer 和介词with 搭配表示“用……回答或回应……”。

例如：

Students should not break the rules of the school.

学生不可违反校规。

I don’t like the way (in which / that)he laughed at me.

我不喜欢他嘲笑我的那个样子。

We answered their goal with two quick goals of our own.

我们快速回敬了他们两个球。

难点深究

句中…only then did we decide to answer violence with violence是个倒装结构。当only修饰状语放在句首时，后面的主句应用部分倒装，结构为：only 副词（或介词短语、状语从句） 助动词（或be） 主语。但only如果修饰主语就不用倒装结构了。

例如：

Only then did he know who was his mother.

只有到了那时，他才知道谁是他的母亲。

Only by this way can you work out the problem.

只有用这种方式你才能解决那个问题。

Only when you have enough fund and sufficient oil resource, can the spring of the petroleum trade come!

只有有了足够的资金和充足的石油资源，石油贸易的春天才能真正的来临！

Only three of the students were left to finish the job.

只留下三位同学来完成工作。

9.It was very dangerous because if I was caught I could be put in prison.（P34）

难句解读

那是很危险的事情，因为如果我被抓住了，可能就会被关进监狱。

句中it是个代词，代替上文所说的 blow up some government buildings这件事情。because if I was caught I could be put in prison.是个原因状语从句，而这个原因状语从句还包含一个由if引导的条件状语从句。prison常见的搭配有：break (out of) prison/gaol/jail从狱中逃出，越狱；cast/put/throw into prison投进监狱，下狱；clap someone in/into prison立即把某人关进监牢; commit someone to prison把某人投入监牢；判处某人监禁; escape from prison越狱逃跑; be in prison 在狱中，被监禁着；be taken to prison 被关入监狱；be released from prison 释放出狱。

10.But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.（P34）

难句解读

但是，我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这是为了实现我们的黑人和白人平等的梦想。

句中because是个连词，引导一个原因状语从句。而该原因状语从句内knew的后面是个省略了连词that的宾语从句。achieve 是个及物动词，意为“获得，达到”，其后常接dream，success, ambition, fame, peace of mind, victory等表示“实现梦想，获得成功,实现抱负,博得名声,得到心情的平静，取得胜利”。equal作形容词时意为“相等的；平等的；能胜任的”，其后常用介词to，表示“与……相等，平等；能胜任，忍耐……”；作及物动词用时意为“与……相同或相等”，常用于结构equal sb./sth. (in sth.)中；作名词用意为“和自己相当的人或事物”。

例如：

She hoped to achieve her ambition to become a singer.

她希望实现当歌唱家的抱负。

He achieved his goal by peaceful means.

他通过和平手段达到了他的目的。

You will never achieve anything if you spend your time that way.

你若总是这样消磨时间,就永远不会有所成就。

They are of equal height.

他们一般高。

They are equal to each other in ability.

他俩在能力上旗鼓相当。

The young teacher is equal to managing his class.

这位年轻的教师能管好班级。

He is equalled by no one in kindness.

没有人比他更善良。

None of us can equal her, either in beauty or as a dancer.

不管是容貌还是舞艺我们都比不上她。

She is the equal of her sister in intetelligence，but she is more diligent.

她和她姐姐在智力上不相上下，却比姐姐更勤奋。

难点深究

achieve,reach,realize,fulfill, attain，accomplish，come true均有“达到，完成，实现”之意，但它们之间有区别。achieve指完成功绩，实现目标，目的等，着重在达到一定目的的过程中所依靠的技巧，耐心，勇气和努力；reach用于指到达某一空间、时间、目标或发展过程中的某一点，如得出结论，下决心等；realize指实现计划中的事，如实现希望，抱负等，多用于被动语态；fulfill强调实现或完成某项任务或计划；attain侧重指在抱负或雄心的激励下，以最大的努力去达到一般所不及或不敢追求的目的；accomplish 指成功地完成预期的计划或达到预期的目的或成果， 通常接 task, aim, journey, voyage 等名词，有时兼有“达成(效果)”之意；come true多指梦想、蓝图、计划等实现，主语只能是物，不能用于被动语态。

例如：

It may take long for you to achieve peace of mind after being frightened so much.

受到这么大的惊吓后你可能要花很长时间才能得到心情的平静。

You’ll know better when you reach my age.

你到了我这样的年纪就明白多了。

Nobody could reach perfection.

无人能尽善尽美。

My hope to work abroad had been realized.

我到国外工作的愿望实现了。

In spite of all the difficulties, we fulfilled our task ahead of schedule.

尽管有许多困难，我们还是提前完成了任务。

The farmers tried to attain higher output of wheat under the guidance of experts.

农民们试图在专家的指导下获得更高的小麦产量。

The explorers accomplished the voyage in five weeks.

探险者在五周内圆满完成航行。

I hope his dream of becoming a pianist will come true.

我希望他成为钢琴家的梦想可以成真。

11.Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal?（P35）

难句解读

为什么纳尔逊·曼德拉借助于暴力手段来让黑人与白人平等呢？

turn to

意为“求助于；变成；转向；着手；查阅”，与turn有关的短语主要有：

turn down 关小 ，拒绝；

turn up 开大 ，出现 ，找到 ，证明是 (= turn out to be) ；

turn on 打开(水、 煤气、 电灯、无线电等) ，对……发怒；

turn off 关(水源、 煤气、 电灯等) ，避开(问题等)；

turn from side to side 把身体转来转去；

turn against 背叛 ；

turn in 上交；

turn … into … 使……成为……；

turn out 结果是 ，证明是 ，生产出；

turn over (使)打翻，翻身，翻动，翻耕(土地)，转危为安；

turn sth. over to sb.把某事物的控制权或管理权交给某人。

例如：

Follow the main road till the crossing, and then turn to the right.

顺着这条大路走，在路的分岔口向右拐。

I tried to stand on my own two feet rather than turned to my parents(for help).

我设法自立而不求助于我的父母。

After three years’ professional piano training, I turned to playing the violin, which surprised everybody.

在三年的钢琴专业训练后，我转而玩起了小提琴，这让所有人都吃惊。

You may turn to a dictionary whenever you meet a word you don’t know.

只要碰到不认识的单词，你都可以查词典。

He turned down my suggestion without hesitation.

他毫不犹豫地拒绝了我的提议。

The meeting is beginning， but he has not turned up. He might have been lost.

会议就要开始了，可他还没有现身，他可能迷路了。

The naughty boy turned from side to side while answering questions in class.

那个淘气的男孩在课堂上回答问题时扭来扭去。

The child picked up a purse on the way and turned it in to the policeman.

那小孩在路上捡到一个钱包后把它交给了警察。

The farmers are turning waste land into rice fields.

农民正把荒地变成稻田。

The weather yesterday turned out (to be) fine.

结果昨天是晴天。

The factory turned out more products than they had expected.

工厂生产的产品比预期的多。

The man turned over and went to sleep again when the telephone rang.

电话响起时，那人翻了个身接着睡。

Old John turned the business over to his daughter.

老约翰把生意移交给女儿管理。

12.It was a prison from which no one escaped.（P38）

难句解读

那是一座任何人都逃不出去的监狱。

句中from which no one escaped是“介词 关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a prison。本句亦可写成It was a prison which no one escaped from。句中escape 可作及物动词或不及物动词，同时还可作名词，意为“逃跑，逃脱；避免；没有被……注意到；被……忘掉；漏出，流出”。

例如：

The soldier escaped from the enemy’s prison.

这个士兵从敌人的监狱里逃了出来。

He traveled everywhere to escape from boredom.

他到处旅游以解烦闷。

We were lucky to escape being punished.

我们很幸运,没有受罚。

Nothing escapes your attention.

什么也瞒不了你。

The matter has quite escaped my memory.

这件事我完全记不得了。

Gas is escaping from the pipe.

煤气正从管中逸出。

He made his escape in disguise.

他化装后逃走了。

That was really a narrow escape.

那真是九死一生呀。

13.We read books under our blankets and used anything we could find to make candles to see the words.（P38）

难句解读

我们躲在毯子下读书，用我们所能找到的东西来做蜡烛照明。

句中anything后面省略了定语从句的引导词that，to make candles to see the words作目的状语。有时候can或could 后的动词与主句动词一样而省略，往往考查其后的不定式。

结构

do/try/everything/anything/all sb. can/could to do sth.意为“尽某人所能去做……”，相当于do/try sb.’s best to do sth.。

例如：

The boy would like to do all he can to make the girl he loves smile at him.

男孩愿意尽其所能博得心爱的女孩朝他微笑。

The doctors tried everything they could to save the child’s life, but failed.

医生们试尽各种方法来救小孩的命，可却失败了。

14.However, the police found out and told my boss that I had been in prison for blowing up government buildings.（P38）

难句解读

可是警察们查清楚了并且告诉了我的老板，说我因为炸政府大楼曾经坐过牢。

句中 be in prison 是固定搭配，意为“坐牢，蹲监狱”。blow up是习惯搭配，意为“炸，炸毁”。for是介词，在这里表示原因。find out表示“找出，查明”的意思，注意它和find之间的区别，find意为“发现；认为”。

例如：

How could we find out their names?

我们怎样才能查明他们的姓名？

We must find out some more information about controlling fire.

我们必须再找出一些关于控制火情的信息。

He found a few coins in the car.

他在汽车里捡到几枚硬币。

I found it difficult to understand him.

我发觉很难去了解他。

15.I did not work again for twenty years until Mr. Mandela and the ANC came to power in 1994.（P38）

难句解读

在曼德拉和非国大于1994年掌权之前，我有20年没有工作。

句中come to power, in power, out of power, take/seize power都是固定搭配。come to/into power意为“上台，当权”，in power意为“执政”，out of power意为“丧失政权”，take/seize power意为“用武力夺取权力”。

例如：

When did the labour government come into power?

工党政府什么时候执政的?

Having been out of power for two years, the party expects to be back in power after the election.

该党已有两年没有执政了，希望大选以后能重新掌权。

The citizens at last rebelled against their cruel rulers, drove them from the country and took power themselves.

最后公民们奋起反抗残忍的统治者们，将他们逐出国，并夺取了政权。

难点深究

until和肯定句连用的意思与和否定句连用的意思是不一样的。和肯定句连用时表示动作结束，而和否定句连用时表示谓语动词的动作开始。

例如：

We worked and worked until the sun set.

我们一直工作到太阳落山。

We waved until the train was out of sight.

我们挥手相送直到火车在远处消失。

We didn’t work until ten o’clock.

我们到十点才开始工作。

I didn’t wake up until I heard the alarm clock.

直到听到闹钟的铃声我才醒来。

16.They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.（P38）

难句解读

他们说，从南非新政府得到的这份工作和薪水，是我毕生为争取黑人的平等权力而斗争所得到的回报。

句中reward可以作名词，意为“报酬；酬谢；报答”，也可以作动词，意为“奖赏；奖励”。常见短语有：

as a reward for作为(对某事的)奖赏(或报酬)

in reward of作为奖励；为酬答……；

reward sb (for sth./doing sth.) (因……) 给某人报酬/奖赏某人。

例如：

The school rewarded him with a prize for excellence in his studies.

他因学习成绩优秀而受到学校的奖赏。

They do not reward people who work hard and well.

他们并不奖励那些努力工作并卓有成绩的人。

A large reward is offered for the capture of the criminals.

巨额悬赏捉拿这些罪犯。

难点深究

注意 reward, award 和 prize的区别：

reward可作名词或动词，指对某人付出劳动和出色表现的一种回报和报酬，不一定是金钱方面的。award可作名词或动词，侧重指官方或经正式研究裁决后对有功者或竞赛优胜者所给予的奖励，强调荣誉而不在乎奖品的大小或奖金的多少。prize为名词，意为“奖赏，奖金，奖品”，指确认某人在比赛中所获得的优异成绩并给予特殊的奖励，含有“优胜者几经拼搏，胜利来之不易”的意思，如 the first/second prize。

例如：

The fireman received a reward for saving the child’s life.

因救了小孩的命，消防员得到一笔奖金。

Mr. Wang has been awarded the title of “Advanced Workers”.

王先生被授予了“先进工作者”称号。

Hundreds of prizes can be won in our newspaper competition.

参加我们报纸的竞赛可以赢得数以百计的奖品。

17.sentenced to five years hard labour for encouraging violence against antiblack laws.（P39）

难句解读

因鼓动采取暴力反对“反黑人法”而被判处五年劳役。

sentence

作名词用时意为“句子；宣判”，用作及物动词时意为“判决，宣判”。常见于以下搭配：

be under sentence of death判处死刑；

a sentence of ten years’ imprisonment十年监禁之刑；

sentence sb. to sth./do sth.判决某人……。

例如：

The sentence of six months imprisonment was most unjust.

六个月监禁的判决极其不公。

The man was sentenced to prison for life.

他被判终身监禁。

18.What’s your opinion?（P39）

难句解读

你看法如何？

opinion

意为“意见；看法；主张”，常见用法和搭配有：

give/express one’s opinion on/upon 对……发表意见；

of the same opinion持同一看法；

of the opinion that认为……, 相信……; 主张……；

in the opinion of sb.照某人的意见；

in one’s opinion按某人的意见, 据某人看来；

have good(favourable)/ no /a low/a high opinion of sb./sth.对某人(事)有好感, 有好的评价/没有好感, 评价不高/评价甚低; 轻视; 瞧不起/评价很高, 尊重；

have a good opinion of oneself自视甚高; 自信; 自高自大；

have/form an ill opinion of对……有不好的评价；

air one’s opinions/views公开发表意见；act up to one’s opinions按自已的意见行事。

英语中还有很多表达法用来发表人的看法和观点，如：think, believe, To one’s understanding, In one’s eyes, As I see it, According to sb.,In one’s view等等。

例如：

In my opinion and in the opinion of most people, it is a very sound investment.

照我的和大多数人的看法，这是很可靠的投资。

Public opinion is against him.

舆论对他不利。

I think this kind of cooling drink will be welcome on a hot day.

我认为在热天这种清凉饮料会很受欢迎。

People used to believe that the world was flat.

过去人们以为地球是扁的。

To my understanding/In my eyes/As I see it/According to me/In my view, meeting people are very important in modern life.

在我看来，同人们接触在现代生活中是很重要的。

难点深究

注意：

advice,opinion,proposal,suggestion,view,idea这些名词均含“意见、建议”之意。区别如下：

advice 为普通用词，侧重依据个人经验、学识和正确判断而提出的忠言；opinion也是普通用词，使用广泛，多指初步的或缺证据支持因而不十分肯定的意见或看法；proposal指正式提出来供研究、采纳或实行的建议；suggestion是普通用词，语气比advice婉转客气，也不如proposal正式，着重为改进工作、解决困难等提出的建议，有时含所提建议不一定正确，仅供参考的意味；view侧重指对重大的或引起公众关注的问题所持的看法和态度，常用复数形式；idea是普通用词，通常指凭感觉和想象所形成的看法或意见。

例如：

Unpleasant advice is a good medicine.

忠言逆耳利于行。

We will discuss the proposal at the meeting.

我们将在会议上讨论这项提议。

I put the computer over there at your suggestion.

根据你的建议，我把计算机放在那边了。

What are your views about the new mayor’s coming to power?

你对新市长上台有什么看法？

My son always has such strange ideas as travelling around the world by bike.

我儿子经常有奇怪的想法，比如骑自行车环游世界。

参考书目（独家授权）

张鑫友. 高中《英语》教材讲与练: 人教课标版. 一年级[M]. 湖北科学技术出版社

本文编辑：Joyce

编辑助理：Jane

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