知识点在英语学习中占据非常重要的地位,下面是小编为大家带来的，相信对你会有帮助的。
：主语
1由名词、代词人称代词用主格、动词不定式、动名词等充当,说明动作是“谁”发出的。如：The painter painted a very nice picture. 画家画了一幅漂亮的画。 / They fought against SARS bravely. 他们勇敢地与非典搏斗。 / To see is to believe. 耳听为虚眼见为实. /Helping animals is to help people. 帮助动物就是帮助人类。
2动词不定式或动名词做主语时可用it代替,而不定式或动名词移至表语或宾语之后。如：It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat during the long journey. 在长途旅行中能有个甲等座位简直太舒服了。 / Eating too much is bad for your health.=It is badfor your health eating too much. 吃得太多对你的身体不利。
3口语中常见主语或“主--系”省略：It is nothing. 那没有什么。/ It doesn’t matter. 那没有关系。 / I thank you. 我谢谢你。
4反意问句的附加问句,主语必须是代词：The man looks worried,doesn’t he? 这个人看上去很着急不是吗? / Tigers are dangerous animals, aren’t they? 老虎是危险的动物不是吗?
5祈使句一般省略主语。加主语时往往用来指定某个人。Keep the keyboards clean, children. 孩子们请保持键盘的清洁。 省略了主语 / You go there and fetch me a glass of water. 你去给我弄一杯水来。
6主语一般在句首,但在问句中会处于第二位和句尾;倒装句及there be句型主语在动词之后。如：Computers are made in this factory. 计算机生产于这家工厂。 / Where are they? 他们在哪儿? / Does the boy like staying home? 这个男孩喜欢呆在家里吗?
7主语与谓语必须保持单、复数的一致, 而谓语与表语或宾语之间没有这一要求。Neither Jim nor Rose has passed the exam. Jim和Rose都没有通过考试。 / The Chinese people are a hardworking and brave people. 中华民族是一个勤劳勇敢的民族。
8主语可以由从句充当,详见“主语从句”。
：谓语
1由“不及物动词”、“及物动词+宾语”或“系动词+表语”等构成,说明主语所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么样”。如：
He travelled in space for the first time.他首次在太空旅行。 / Who teaches you English this year?今年谁教你们的英语? / The pizza has gone bad. 那块烤馅饼已经变坏。 /
2谓语动词必须反映出人称、单复数、时态等信息,谓语动词往往由下列词语依序排列构成：[情态动词]+[时态助动词]+[语态助动词]+[主要动词]不一定全部出现。见动词的时态和语态构成表记住：谓语部分第一个动词往往是变形动词。如：
I am sorry I am making so much noise but I have to. 对不起我发出了太大的声音但是只能这样。 / He can’t have finished reading the 800-page-long novel. 他不可能读完了那本长达800页的小说。 / Something must be done to stop thefowl flu from spreading out. 该采取措施防止禽流感蔓延。
3谓语动词切忌用“行为动词1 + 原形动词”、“be + 原形动词”。
记住使用下列正确形式：
①情态动词+原形动词。如：You’d better go over the lesson.你最好复习这一课。
②shall/ will/ would+原形动词。如：They should have been there once.他们应该去过那儿。
③be+现在分词或者过去分词。如：What are you doing this evening?今晚你打算做什么?/ Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.自从20世纪70年代大批树木被砍伐。
④have+过去分词。如：Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.意思同上
⑤一般时问句和否定句中：do/does/did+原形动词。如：He does not enjoy himself very much.他日子过的不好。/ Did any of you see dinosaur eggs?你们当中有谁见过恐龙蛋吗?
⑥行为动词1+行为动词2 不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词等形式。如：He made up his mind to be a vet.他拿定主意要做个兽医。/ Feeling good about yourself is essential to feeling good about life.自尊自爱是享受生活的根本。/ They wake up theother family members, calling,“Merry Christmas!”他们叫醒家庭的其他成员,呼喊着：圣诞快乐!/ The kings of ancient Egypt had strong tombs built for themselves.古代的埃及国王让人给他们自己修建坚固的坟墓。
4不可用形容词、名词、代词、副词、介词短语等独立作谓语,必须在此之前加连系动词。
5谓语动词单复数形式：单数形式的动词有：is,was,has,does以及“动词+s”;复数形式的动词有：are,were,have以及动词原形。其他动词不分单、复数。
记住：主语、谓语单复数必须保持一致。参见“4、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题：” Air and water is necessary to us all.空气和水对于我们大家是必不可少的。
6一般问句和反意问句的回答不使用行为动词,应该使用“是”动词、情态动词、助动词be,will,have,do以及变形。如：The Olympic Games is held every other year, isn’t it? ----Yes, it is.奥运会每两年举办一次,是吗?----是的。
：宾语
1 由名词、代词人称代词要用宾格、不定式、动名词、宾语从句充当,表示动作的承受者是“谁”或者是“何物”。如： The angel also came to Joseph and told him the same thing.那个天使同样来到约瑟夫面前并且告诉他同样的事情。代词和名词充当两个宾语 / He told me that the companycould not afford to pay him so much money.他告诉我说公司付不起他那么多的钱。不定式作宾语 / They enjoy watching football games so much that they often forget their lessons.他们如此喜爱看足球以至于常常忘记了他们的功课。动名词作宾语 / Ithink to be a children’s doctor is very rewarding.我认为当个儿童医生是很值得的。从句作宾语
2 只有及物动词或介词才有宾语,不及物动词没有宾语,如果涉及到事物,则必须在不及物动词后面加合适的介词。Listen to the radio. listen不是及物动词,故加to。 / Can you hear anything exciting?你能听到什么令人兴奋的消息吗?
3 宾语一般放在及物动词或介词的后面,但是在疑问句中,如果宾语是疑问词,则宾语要放在句首。介词的宾语如果是疑问词,则可以放在介词后或句首。如：What did he see? 他看见了什么? / What does he write a letter with? 他用什么写的信? / With what does he write a letter?他用什么写的信?
4“动词+副词+宾语”结构中,如果宾语是代词,则代词必须放在“动”“副”之间。如：Please put the shoes away. 请把鞋子收起来。 / Please put away the shoes. 请把鞋子收起来。 / Please put them away. 请把它们收起来。
5 动词后面跟双宾语时可以采用两种结构：
①动词+间接宾语人+直接宾语物。如：He often gives me some help. 他常常帮我。
②动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语。注意,一般情况介词用to,但动词是make, buy, borrow时,介词用for.如： Please make me a kite. 请给我做个风筝。或Please make a kite for me.
6 在“动词+宾语+宾补”结构中,如果宾语是不定式、动名词、宾语从句,则常用it做形式宾语,而将实际的宾语移到补语后面去。如：I found the job rather difficult. 我发觉这个工作相当难做。 / I found it rather difficult to do the job.
7 宾语可以由从句充当,详见“宾语从句”。
：表语
1 说明主语的身份、性质、状况等含义的成分,通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、代词等充当。如：He became a doctor after he left high school.高中毕业他当上了医生。 / The rubber wheels are over there.橡胶轮子在那边。 / He does not feel like eatinganything today because he has caught a bad cold.他今天不想吃任何东西因为他得了重感冒。 / Who is it?谁呀?
2 表语只能放在连系动词如：be,look,become,turn get,grow,feel,seem 之后,对表语进行提问的句子除外。
3 代词做表语一般用主格,口语中常用宾。如：It’s I. It’s me.是我。
4 只能作表语的形容词有：sorry,afraid,alone,asleep,awake,ill,well,sure,interested等等。He was terribly sorry for his carelessness.他很为他的粗心而歉疚。 / Please make no noise here; the baby isasleep.请不要发出响动,婴儿正熟睡呢。 / I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!我只是对独坐孤舟无所事事感兴趣。 / I am not alone in thinking so.并非只有我才这样想的。
5 表语也可以由从句充当,详见“表语从句”。
