高一阶段是初中到高中的一个过渡时期,下面是小编为大家带来的外研社高一英语必修一知识点总结,相信对你会有帮助的。
:现在进行时表将来
现在进行时表将来,表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作,常见的现在进行时表将来的动词有:come/ go / leave/ arrive / travel / take / stay/ do等.
例:1. I’m coming. 我就来
2. what are you doing next Sunday ? 你下个星期天做什么?
3. I hear that you are travelling along Mekong River. 我听说你将沿湄公河旅行
4. Where are you staying at night? 你们晚上待在哪里/
:直接引语和间接引语
概念:直接引语:直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。
间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号。
例: Mr. Black said, “ I’m busy.” Mr. Black said that he was busy.
变化规则
一陈述句的变化规则
直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that可省略引导,从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。
人称的变化——人称的变化主要是要理解句子的意思
例:1. He said, “ I like it very much.” → He said that he liked it very much.
2. He said to me, “I’v left my book in your room.”
→ He told me that he had left his book in my room.
时态的变化
例:
“I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary,” said Anne.
→Anne said that she didn’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary.
The boy said, “I’m using a knife.” → The boy said that he was using a knife.
▲注意:如果直接引语是客观真理,变为间接引语时,时态不变,如:
He said, “Light travels much faster than sound.”He said that light travels much faster than sound.
指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化
二 祈使句的变化规则
如果直接引语是祈使句,变为间接引语时,要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式,并根据句子意思在不定式前加上tell/ask/order等动词,如果祈使句是否定句,在不定式前面还要加上not。例:
The hostess said to us, “Please sit down.”→ The hostess asked us to sit down.
He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.” → He told the boys not to make so much noise.
三疑问句的变化规则
如果直接引语是疑问句,变为间接引语时要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序,句末用句号。
一般疑问句:如果直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,谓语动词是say或said时,要改为 ask 或asked,原问句变为由if/whether 引导的宾语从句。例:
“Do you think a diary can become your friend?” the writer says.
→ The writer asks us if we think a diary can become our friend.
2 特殊疑问句:如果间接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原来的引导词,但疑问句要变为陈述句。例:
“What do you want?” he asked me. → He asked me what I wanted
:定语从句
概念:在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
成分:先行词,即被定语从句修饰的名词或代词;关系代词:that,which,who宾格为whom,所有格为whose;或者关系副词where,when,why等。关系代词或关系副词处在先行词和定语从句之间,起着连接主从句的作用。
1. 关系代词that的用法
关系代词that在定语从句中既能指人,也能指物;既能做主语,也能做宾语
例:1A plane is a machine that can fly. 指物,作主语
2The noodles that I cooked were delicious. 指物,作宾语
3Who is the man that is reading a book over there? 指人,作主语
4The girl that we saw yesterday was Jim’s sister,指人,作宾语
2. 关系代词which的用法
关系代词which在定语从句中只能指物,但既可以做宾语也能作主语
例:1They planted some trees which didn’t need much water. 作主语
2The fish which we bought this morning were not fresh. 作宾语
3. 关系代词who,whom的用法
关系代词who,whom 只能指人,在定语从句中分别作主语和宾语
例:1The foreigner who helped us yesterday is from USA.作主语
2The person to whom you just talked to is Mr. Li. 作宾语、
4. 关系代词whose在的用法
关系代词whose为关系代词who的所有格形式,其先行词既可以是人也可以是物,whose和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中既可以做主语也可以做宾语。
例:1This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world. 指人,作主语
2 The room whose window faces south is mine. 指物,作主语
3He has written a book whose name I’ve forgotten. 指物,作宾语
5. 关系副词when的用法
关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语
例:1I’ll never forget the time when =during which we worked on the farm.
2 Do you remember the afternoon when =on which we first met three years ago?
6. 关系副词where在定语从句中的用法
关系副词where在定语从句中做地点状语
例:1This is the place where =at/ in which we first met.
2 The hotel where = in whichwe stayed wasn’t very clean.
7. 关系副词why在定语从句中的用法
关系副词why在定语从句中作原因状语
例: 1. I didn’t get a pay rise, but this wasn’t the reason why= for which I left.
2. The reason why =for which he has late was that he missed the train.